Identifying Coffea genotypes tolerant to water deficit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25186/.v17i.1994Abstract
Approximately 26% of the coffee grown in Colombia is located in areas presenting water deficit, with some of these areas also presenting high solar brightness. This combination reduces coffee production, thus affecting the income of 31% of the country’s coffee-growing families. To identify accessions of the Colombian Coffee Collection (CCC) that are tolerant to water deficit, 65 genotypes were evaluated in screenhouse conditions using two soil moisture treatments: (1) soil at field capacity (60% moisture) and (2) water deficit conditions, with soil at 50% field capacity (30% moisture). After five months, total biomass was determined as the sum of the biomass of leaves, stems, and roots, and values analyzed according to the Student's t test for independent samples at a level of significance of 5%. Reducing irrigation under water deficit conditions usually delays accession growth, which is reflected in decreased biomass. However, the total biomass of nine Ethiopian introductions of Coffea arabica (CCC238, CCC254, CCC284, CCC372, CCC474, CCC536, CCC537, CCC555, CCC1147), six diploid accessions (CCC1030, EA.20, EA.209, EA.227, EA.229, EA.287), and three interspecific hybrids of Caturra x Coffea canephora (25, 640, 702) in water deficit conditions did not differ statistically from the total biomass obtained in treatments with irrigation at field capacity. Because these introductions present adaptation mechanisms to water deficit, they retain their leaves without reducing their leaf area or total biomass and should accordingly be considered as candidates for evaluation in dry regions to determine their tolerance to water deficit based on effects on production or biomass.
Key words: Coffea arabica; Coffea canephora; interspecific hybrids; total dry biomass; water stress.
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